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These interventions refer to the policy adopted by the Italian Government in reference to
EPB Directive. Different interventions involving the envelope (the glazed part and outer
wall, in particularly) are taken into account respecting the original constructive typology.
Guidelines for the rehabilitation of the school will move through the following main steps:
•
analysis of the outdoor conditions, referring to the shadow map on the façades;
•
analysis of the indoor conditions, referring to the thermal and hygrometry,
eventually to the acoustic and to the lighting situations;
•
evaluation of the feasibility of interventions on the envelope;
•
evaluation of the indoor conditions and of the energy consumption performed by
the building, following the previous interventions.
Different interventions are combined to constitute some action scenarios which were
analysed and compared by means of suitable indicators concerning energy and
economic issues.
Historical school buildings
During the whole nineteenth century the school building type had a quick evolution
because of the development of regulations.
This evolution was also caused by the development of the pedagogical theories, which
come from Dewey and Montessori to the most modern ones.
There were two real booms of the construction of school buildings in Italy: one was in
years 1920-1940, after the first world war, when the diffusion of illiteracy became
unbearable for a modern state; the second one was after the second world war when
people moved from countryside to town.
For all these reasons and for the current need of school buildings, we use both
contemporary and historical building.
In particular in old town centre is often necessary to use historical building, which adapt
to surrounding context, but does not often comply the current requirements of indoor
comfort and energy efficiency. Therefore, in all the old Italian town centre, historical
school buildings are actually used. The functional distribution is in any case the “barrack
layout”, with a central corridor and the classrooms on one side or on either side.
They are generally characterized by a masonry structure, which is the original one, while,
in many cases, the wooden floor has been replaced with brick and concrete one.
The main issues of building restoration are usually:
- deteriorated facades and roofs;
- deteriorated windows and doors;
- thermal bridges (e.g. after replacement of the floor);
- obsolete equipment (air conditioning system, electrical system, etc.).
The “La Masa” school
The “La Masa” school is placed in an urban area that was expanding in the early years
1900s (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
