D e s i g n I s s u e s f o r N e t Z e r o – E n e r g y B u i l d i n g s
39
climate challenge and primary energy performance (consumption versus supply).
Regarding the climate challenge, one can observe that case studies correspond to only
two different categories of climate challenges: heating dominated and heating and
cooling dominated. With regard to energy balance, which takes heating, cooling, DHW
and appliances into account, the Net Zero Site Energy definition applies to all cases.
Table 1: Case studies - common parameters consider
Picture
Name/
Location
Conditioned
floor area
[m
2
]
Climate
challenge
Annual
Energy
consumption
[kWh/m
2
.y]
Annual
Energy
Supply
[kWh/m
2
.y]
Annual
Energy
Balance
[kWh/m
2
.y]
Écoterra
Québec,
Canada
234
Heating
50.80
16.35
-34.45
Energy
FlexHouse
Denmark
216
Heating
90.3
108.3
18.0
Leaf House
Italy
477
Heating
&
Cooling
151.24
128
-23.24
Lima
Spain
45
Heating
&
Cooling
79.8
61.56
-18.24
Riehen,
Switzerland
315
Heating
62.86
85.08
22.22
Riverdale
Canada
234
Heating
38.50
42.40
3.90
Lighthouse
UK
79
Heating
166.92
191.54
24.62
Plus Energy
Houses
Austria
855,9
Heating
129.50
150.4
20.9
Plus Energy
Germany
7890
Heating
70.65
113.95
43.3
As for the energy net zero-energy performance, 6 projects are plus-energy buildings and
3 are nearly zero-energy buildings (Fig.1).
