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weekly cleaning is not performed with the wariness with which should be effected for
guaranteeing a suitable salubriousness of the air. In these buildings are present
environments to different rate of pollution and the environments to high risk result to be:
operating rooms, white rooms (local for the hospitalization of people burnt), critical care,
local for the sterilization, pharmacy local (storage of medicines), laboratories of specific
analysis (not the places for simple analyses of the blood). For the particular functions
that are developed inside these environments, these places must guarantee the tallest
aseptic rate, that is to be sterile, deprived of any living form. To project level in these
places it acts 3 following fundamental addresses: a) the planning of the floors; b) the
planning of the walls; c) the planning of the ceilings. A lot of attention is set to the
realization of these surfaces, because the proliferation of bacteria, viruses, moulds and
fungus happens in particular way on the surfaces that introduce concavity and porosity.
In the high risk environments the technological solutions for the proposed floorings are:
in vinyl, in rubber and in resin; for the coverings of walls and partly for the ceilings the
solutions technological proposals use products to base of: PVC, steel glazed inox or
painted, steel with porcelain, corian®. All the proposed solutions, except those based of
PVC, are realized through the application of panels that can be easily assembled and
disassembled to allow a more comfortable and fast maintenance of the fittings.
All quoted technological solutions introduce the following characteristics: chemical and
mechanics resistance, incontaminable by mould and bacterial agents, facility of
maintenance and cleaning, impermeability to liquids. While for high risk environments
technical solutions used for the realization of floors, walls and ceilings, follow the more
possible the suitable recommendations in the guidelines, where presents, often in the
middle and low risk environments, the finishes of the walls are for instance realized
possibly applying the common plasters and washable paints for inside. So realized
surfaces, result to be potential centers of bacteria, mould and mushrooms, because are
surfaces porous and rich of concavity, accordingly varied are the pointed cases,
concerning unexpected infections contracted by the patients during the period of
hospitalization.
Technological solutions currently used, quoted for the realization of floors, walls and
ceilings in high risk hospital environments, are all direct to facilitate the cleaning and to
avoid that the surfaces can become a center of proliferation of bacteria and virus, but
nobody is turned to the reduction of the pollution of the inside air. In the high risk
environments the adopted technological solutions aim in fact to the optimization of the
operations of cleaning and to avoid that the surfaces can be terrain for the proliferation of
bacteria and virus; instead for the middle and low risk environments specific
technological solutions are not expected. As seen before, in places defined to high risk
the planning and the use of materials it is very more accurate and careful to the problem
of the infections, of the aseptic, etc., but in the middle and low places these precautions
are less evident. This not careful planning, together to other factors, like the non
accurate cleaning, the exchanges of air in non opportune number, are the causes of the
strong indoor pollution present in the care and hospitalized environments.
In these last ones the technological solution of photocatalytic products application
becomes therefore the proper solution for environments where weak consumers stop
and transit.
In these last 10 years have been developed researches for obtaining some products with
the ability to degrade the polluting mixtures so that to reduce the pollution of the inside
and external air. The result of these researches has brought to the proposal of innovative
products named "photocatalytic products". These products can be divided in 4 great
categories, for typologies of technical elements: photocatalytic cements, layers of finish
realized with plasters and paintings, vertical external walls realized with masonries and
prefabricated panels, floorings.
