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construction phase itself, and therefore management, because inside the building site,
construction procedures can be optimized, processes simplified because very often
carried out at the work site and, in general, considering building site as a “mounting kit”,
in which all the pieces are already present and they only have to be assembled.
This logic is typical of the industrial prefabrication: nowadays, even in the construction
industry, there is an extensive use of prefabricated components made by industrial
processing, transferring most of the processes that were made to work site in specialized
workshops. In this way, the building products are carried out under atmospheric control
and standardized conditions that allow total control of the final product quality. Currently,
industrial elements are most common used connected to items made on site for complex
structures for which a reduction of the timing of construction and of a minimization of the
operations to be performed at the building site is required.
The need to shorten the construction site, to build to work site manufactures with lower
environmental impact in terms of noise, air pollution and waste production, to control and
to reduce construction costs keeping in control the quality of construction, is pushing the
construction market towards the increasing use of large prefabricated components.
The British government defines Modern Method of Construction (MMC), a set of
construction techniques significantly different from the traditional construction, using a
series of manufacturing processes to produce a greater quantity of manufactured,
controlled quality and equipped with product in a shorter time, and using structural
function precast which, by repetition, determine the shape of the building.
In relation to the characteristics of the technologies used, they can be classified:
On-site manufactured:
stick-built constructions
characterized by the use of linear
element. The low level of prefabrication makes them widely used, especially in
association with the non-structural panel systems.
Panellised constructions
,
manufactured off-site and assembled on site to form three-dimensional solutions (Fig.10).
The panels can be made only by a framework (open panels) or they can go out the
factory already finished, which is equipped with insulation, windows, installations
systems, interior and exterior.
Off-site manufactured: volumetric construction
manufactured off-site. It’s in the factory
before being transported to the installation site (Fig.11).
Mixed manufactured
(on-site and off-site):
hybrid constructions
which combine three-
dimensional elements and panels; typically using three-dimensional elements for
services unit, prefabricated and fully equipped, while the rest of the construction is based
on a panel system.
Each of these systems are based on various prefabricated elements which may be linear
(framework), flat (panels) or three-dimensional (three-dimensional cells), often these
elements are combined and are rarely in pure form. Starting from the first construction
type for the last one, the degree of flexibility of the structure produced decreases, but the
level of prefabrication increases.
In each of these types corresponds a complex set of rules for the elements’ connection
which decisively influences the buildings’ shape and structure. Also, the time required to
carry it out must be precisely defined already during the design phase, increasing its
complexity. The logical of thrust prefabrication is also coherent in relation to the theme of
temporary architecture and of the project and language outcomes associated with it.
Conclusion
The design approach can be considered as a constructive solution able to respond
adequately to the society’s needs, to energy behaviour of architecture solutions and to
economic issue. It means changing the methodological approach considering not only
the buildings’ life, but starting from concept idea to the management of the entire design
and construction process, in terms of solving problems related to the impacts of
transportation, manufacturing, construction and disposal and the soil exploitation.
