T e m p o r a r y H o u s i n g
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temporary use, location and construction
(Bologna, 2008).
The
temporary living
is the result of the need to use a space for a function related to a
specific need and circumscribed in time. When this function is ceased, the space has no
more right to exist or needs to be converted to other uses. This is the case of the
architecture exhibition, of temporary installations (circuses, fairs), of buildings to replace
temporarily the permanent location of offices or of homes waiting for their renovation, of
social houses or of occupational categories "unstable" or "nomadic" as immigrants,
commuters and students, of holiday homes also designed for sustainable tourism. This is
the case even for emergency housing after natural or human disasters (Fig.4).
The
transitional living
is due to multiple and diverse needs to benefit from a living space
in an intermittent or occasional time, more or less rapid. The hotel and accommodation
facilities, but also the mobile or transportable architecture, are similar to this model of
housing, in relation to the temporary nature of its location (Fig.5).
Hybrid living
denotes the need for multiple subjects, not even in the same household, to
live, within the same group characterized by high dynamics of change, in a very short
time. The new multi-ethnic society and family structure (extended, shared) are the
generators of these new forms of living.
Living online
is characterized by a high level of integration with new multimedia
technologies especially in response to the needs of younger age categories, using
information and communications systems for domestic activities, study, work, leisure and
recreation.
Common living
needs interstitial spaces at different scales (building, district, city) in
which they can place collective interest and social activities, different in time and
characteristics.
All these solutions are, in a different ways, affected by the temporary component. For the
architectural translation of temporary solutions is therefore crucial understand what are
the ways of conceiving the design and construction of architecture and its possible
translations. By reading and analyzing the status quo is possible to find several
"temporary" projects, strongly different in functions, strategies and outcomes project.
They belong to three different aspects; naturally their characteristics can also add up to
complement each other.
Flexible architectures
lead to the concept of
temporary use
, therefore, closely linked to
the activities that take place in a spatial context with different use in the short term,
characterized by variables typologies;
Mobile architectures
, i.e. architectures that move on land. The main feature is that they
can vary in space, thus changing the relationship between context and object
construction according to the idea of
temporary location
;
Reversible architectures
are mainly related to the construction phase, to the
temporary
nature
of construction of the entire design process that denotes the termination of two-
way relationship between the building system and its use and determines the disposal of
material resources used in the work. They focus, therefore, upon the termination of
needs, on the end of building life on a possible total or partial dismantling of the object
and its components for later reuse and recycling (Fig.6).
It’s therefore clear how this classification leads to a rethinking of the requirements of
building systems, of environmental and of technological to achieve in architecture
flexibility, adaptability and reversibility. So they are primary requirements that inevitably
strongly influence the approach to the design process and to the role of the designer.
The centrality of the project reflects awareness that every transformation, resulting after
the construction activity, modifies the environment by interfering with its balance, so the
action planning is decisive for the quality of that change. This need to strike a balance
between environmental protection and use of natural resources leads to the
development of a design theory based on the adoption of a value system that considers
the environmental factor as the determinant of the project activity, recognizing how
