Z E M C H 2 0 1 2 I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e
280
Table 1: Average values for primary energy and photovoltaic systems to meet the Minergie-A net
zero balance (39 buildings).
Average values
total
single family
building
apartment
house
unit
primary energy
29 ± 8
30 ± 9
28 ± 7
kWh
ECH
/(m
2
a)
Peak PV
11 ± 11
5.5 ± 3
22 ± 13
kWp
Peak PV / heated area
0.022 ± 0.01 0.022 ± 0.01 0.020 ± 0.01
kWp/m
2
AE
Area of PV / heated area
0.15 ± 0.05
0.16 ± 0.05
0.14 ± 0.03
m
2
PV
/m
2
AE
2.3 Embodied Energy
The embodied energy of Minergie-A buildings includes the superstructure, building
envelope, basement and the standard HVAC systems including distribution systems for
heating, ventilation, cold/hot water and electricity. If thermal solar collectors and
photovoltaic systems are part of the energy concept, they are included in the embodied
energy calculation. The calculation is based on a cradle to grave analysis [MB2032
2010]. Two software programs are available, which are accepted for proof of compliance
with the embodied energy requirement [Program].
Figure 3 shows the embodied energy of building construction and HVAC systems for the
39 Minergie-A buildings. Thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic systems are shown
separately. The (non-renewable) embodied energy lies in the range of 34-53
kWh
EPnren
/(m
2
a) with a mean value of 44 ± 6 kWh
EPnren
/(m
2
a). In general, the building
construction is the main contributor to the embodied energy and accounts for nearly 70%
of the sum total.
Figure 3: Composition and mean value of embodied energy for 39 Minergie-A buildings.
The correlation between the embodied energy for the building construction and the
compactness of a building described as the ratio between heated floor area and building
envelope area is given in figure 4. The construction style – heavy weight or light weight –
